Protein Post-translational Modification Analysis Service

Our genome encodes around 20,000 genes which are transcribed into mRNA and finally translated into proteins. Precursor proteins are inactive and often undergo a series of post-translational processes before they become functional, mature proteins. All organisms need to have the ability to adapt to the changing environment in which they live. In order to respond to environmental changes, the proteins or proteome of an organism must change. Post-translational modification of proteins is the process of chemical modification of proteins during or after translation. Protein post-translational modifications increase the functional diversity of the proteome by adding functional groups such as phosphate, acetate, amide or methyl groups to proteins and affect almost all aspects of normal cell biology and pathogenesis. Protein post-translational modifications play a key role in many cellular processes, such as cell differentiation, protein degradation, signalling and regulatory processes, regulation of gene expression and protein interactions. Therefore, mechanistic studies of protein post-translational modification processes, including modification categories and modification sites, are essential in cell biology as well as in disease diagnosis and prevention research. The table below lists some of the types of protein modifications and their results.

Modification Type	Modification Result	Modification Type	Modification Result
Acetylation	The addition of acetyl to the N terminus of a protein	Glycosylation	The addition of a glycosyl group to asparagine, hydroxylysine, serine or threonine to form a glycoprotein
Alkylation	The addition of an alkyl group such as methyl or ethyl	Isoprenation	The addition of isoprenes such as farnesol and tetraisoprene
Methylation	The addition of methyl to the side chain amino group of lysine, arginine and so on	Lipoic acidification	The functional attachment of lipoic acid
Biotinylation	The acylation of preserved lysine with a biotin addition.	Phosphorylation	The addition of phosphate to serine, tyrosine, threonine or histidine.
Glutamylation	The creation of covalent bonds between glutamic acid and cathepsin and other proteins	Sulphation	The addition of sulphate to tyrosine to selenate C-terminal amidation

As we have seen in the table above, the types of post-translational modifications of proteins are diverse, and proteins with different functions are responsible for all the normal physiological activities of living organisms. Post-translational modification of proteins is an important step in determining the functional diversity of proteins, and analyzing the mechanism of this process is an important part of biological research. Once a protein becomes functionally abnormal, it is often associated with disease. This is why the study of the post-translational modification process of proteins is of great interest and necessity. In the process of intermolecular interaction analysis post-translational modification of proteins mainly involves the analysis of protein-related interactions.

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the process of protein post-translational modification analysis

Different types of modifications can affect the charge state, hydrophobicity, conformation or stability of proteins, so the study of post-translational modification processes in proteins is important for the analysis of protein functional mechanisms. This process involves the analysis of interactions between proteins and various enzymes, small molecule groups, proteins, etc. It is essential to advance the study of protein function-related diseases by means of high-throughput molecular interaction analysis. Our technology platform allows for high throughput analysis of protein-related interactions. If you are looking to improve the efficiency of your protein post-translational modification process, you may wish to consider looking at our SPR technology platform. The flow of protein post-translational modification process interaction analysis is shown in the diagram below. During the synthesis of proteins in living organisms, the genome is first translated to form the transcriptome, which is then post-translationally modified to form a variety of different types of proteins to meet the needs of life activities. SPR technology can be applied to the analysis of the molecular interactions involved in this modification process.

Fig.1 BIAchip™ in the process of protein post-translational modification analysis

In addition to improving the efficiency of analysis through high-throughput molecular interactions, SPR technology ensures the accuracy of the resulting data. Our SPR technology platform can provide molecular interaction results with minimal experimental error, saving you valuable time and giving you worry-free results. And because of the scalability and flexibility of SPR technology, Creative Proteomics can accommodate any reasonable request you may have for protein modification-related interaction analysis on your microarray. Once we understand your project requirements, we will provide you with feedback on your customised microarray within 1-2 days.

If you have any requirement for high throughput protein post-translational modification-related interaction analysis, please feel free to contact us. And we can provide you with a tailor-made service. Please trust our expertise and you will be satisfied with your customised service at Creative Proteomics. All services in Creative Proteomics, please keep in touch with us at any time.

For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.