Fc Receptor-mediated Immune Mechanisms Analysis Service

Antibodies are immunoglobulins, which are generally a peptide chain structure consisting of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains linked by interchain disulphide bonds. Antibodies can be divided into five categories, including immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), immunoglobulin D (IgD) and immunoglobulin E (IgE). Antibodies consist of a variable region (Fab), which binds antigen, and a constant region (Fc), which binds to the Fc receptor.

Fig.1 Five types of immunoglobulins

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic effects (ADCC) are part of Fc receptor-mediated immune regulation. The Fab segment of an antibody binds to the antigenic epitope of a virus-infected cell or tumour cell, and its Fc segment binds to the Fc receptor on the surface of immune cells (NK cells, macrophages, etc.), mediating the killing of the target cell. the Fc receptor is the c-terminal receptor of the Fc portion of the immunoglobulin. When an immunoglobulin binds to an antigen, the Fc segment of the antibody undergoes structural changes and binds to the Fc receptor on the surface of immune cells (NK cells, macrophages, etc.), resulting in a variety of biological effects, the most significant of which is the killing of target cells. The effects of antigen-antibody complexes on cells are all mediated through Fc receptors, which therefore play a very important role in immune function and its regulation.

Fig.2 Mechanism of ADCC in which antigen-specific antibodies direct immue effector cells. (Kubota, T, et al., 2009)

Each class of Ig has its own corresponding Fc receptor. The receptors that bind to the different immunoglobulins (IgA, IgE, IgM, lgD and IgG) are collectively known as FcRs and are involved in the regulation and execution of antibody-mediated immune responses. In general, FcRs link specific adaptive immune systems and effector zones triggered by innate immune cells (mast cells, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages). More importantly, these pro-inflammatory responses are closely related to the regulation of the body's protection from tissue damage. Binding to the Fc segment of the antibody activates the signalling pathway and immune cells will begin to mount a series of immune responses. The study of FcRs is of great importance and role in the study of immunological mechanisms.

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the process of Fc receptor mechanism study

Fc receptors are an important component of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic effects, and the study of Fc receptor mechanisms provides the basis and ideas for antibody drug development. Molecular interaction analysis is essential throughout the process, both for target screening and drug screening. Affinity analysis is used to verify the effect of antibody-antigen and antibody-receptor binding, and is one of the primary and most important bases for screening. If your project is currently in need of research in this area, you may wish to consider looking at our high-throughput intermolecular interaction SPR technology platform.

Fig.3 BIAchip™ in the process of Fc receptor mechanism study

As shown above, the SPR technology platform is involved in studies related to Fc receptor targeting mechanisms through high-throughput antigen-antibody-receptor affinity data analysis, mainly in the following areas.

• Research of Fc receptor-mediated immunity mechanism

The study of the mechanism of Fc receptor-specific activation of the immune system can provide new ideas and directions for the development of new antibody drugs and immunotherapy. This involves the analysis of interactions between various biological macromolecules, and SPR technology provides you with independent and parallel analysis sites, allowing you to examine the results of hundreds or thousands of sets of interaction data in a single run. So SPR can extremely simplify tedious experimental procedures and save valuable time for your project.

• Fc receptor-based target screening

Based on the mechanism of Fc receptor-mediated benefits associated with the immune system, we can use this mechanism to develop drugs for related diseases. The first step in the development of antibody drugs is target screening. The Fc receptor is the target corresponding to the Fc fragment on the antibody, and this correspondence is specific. The screening of the target is the starting point and basis for subsequent downstream work. Target screening includes the discovery of new targets and the exploration of target validity. Our SPR technology platform can provide you with high-throughput protein-related interaction analysis services, while ensuring accuracy and sensitivity.

• Fc receptor-based antibody drug screening

The target of the antibody is the Fc receptor and once the target receptor has been identified, the effect of the affinity effect between the target and the receptor can be determined by intermolecular affinity analysis. This is currently an important basis for the screening process of antibodies. Our SPR technology platform can provide antibody-Fc target receptor affinity analysis services to facilitate your antibody drug development process.

Let Creative Proteomics know your project requirements and we will provide you with an efficient and professional customised service. You don't have to worry about the lead time for your customisation. You will receive expert feedback within 2-3 days. All services are available on a 24/7/365 basis. If you have any questions or suggestions about our SPR services, please feel free to contact us right now.

For research use only. Not intended for any clinical use.